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1.
Salvador; s.n; 2003. ix,76 p. graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-359693

ABSTRACT

A leptospirose é causada por espiroquetas do gênero Leptospira. Estima-se que apenas 10 por cento dos casos clínicos evoluam para formas graves. Tradicionalmente, a leptospirose é considerada uma doença esporádica associada com fatores de risco profissionais e atividades recreacionais, porém, no Brasil, epidemias urbanas anuais tem emergido. Nesse cenário, fatores de risco para leptospirose, associados ao trabalho e ao ambiente peri-domiciliar foram identificados. OBJETIVOS - 1- Avaliar a exposição prévia a leptospiras patogênicas, no nível comunitário, e investigar fatores de risco para infecção prévia por leptospira; 2- Determinar a existência de transmissão peri-domiciliar da leptospirose, no cenário das epidemias urbanas. MÉTODOS: Um estudo de caso-controle comparando a taxa de infecção prévia por leptospira ( título recíproco do MAT > 25) entre contactantes domiciliares de casos graves de leptospirose e indivíduos vizinhos controle. RESULTADOS- Foi observada uma elevada prevalência de infecção prévia na população deste estudo , 10 por cento. Além disso, mulheres e crianças na comunidade são expostos a leptospirose, diferindo dos casos graves, em que mais de 80 por cento são homens adultos, não sendo conhecidos os fatores determinantes desta discrepância. A comparação da taxa de infecção prévia por leptospira ( título recíproco no MAT > 25 ) nos contactantes domiciliares de um caso índice de leptospirose grave e contactantes domiciliares de indivíduos controle sadios mostrou que entre 63 contactantes domiciliares de 20 casos índice e 182 indivíduos controle vizinhos, de 52 domicílios, 27 por cento (17) e 4 por cento (7) apresentaram evidência sorológica para uma infecção por Leptospira ( OR ajustado 8.38, 95 por cento CI 2,68-26,25). CONCLUSÕES _ Foi observada uma elevada prevalência (7,5 por cento) infecção prévia por leptospira na população estudada . Mulheres e crianças são expostos igualmente, na comunidade. Fatores de risco ocupacionais e associados ao ambiente peri-domiciliar foram identificados. Contactantes de casos índice tiveram mais que 5 vezes o risco de uma infecção prévia do que seus vizinhos controle, indicando a importância da transmissão no ambiente peri-domiciliar.


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Leptospirosis , Risk Factors
2.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 44(6): 299-302, Nov.-Dec. 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-326346

ABSTRACT

Serotype, mating type and ploidy of 84 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from 61 AIDS and 23 non-AIDS patients admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Sõo Paulo, Brazil were examined. Among 61 strains isolated from AIDS patients, 60 strains were var. grubii (serotype A). Only one strain was var. gattii (serotype B). No var. neoformans (serotype D) was found. Among 23 strains isolated from non-AIDS patients, 15 were var. grubii (serotype A) and the remaining 8 were var. gattii, all of which were serotype B. Seventy-three of the 75 serotype A strains were the heterothallic alpha type (MATalpha) and the remaining 2 were untypable (asexual). Most of the MATalpha strains (69/73) were haploid and the remaining 4 strains were diploid. Similarly, both of the 2 asexual strains among the 75 serotype A strains were haploid. There were no alpha-mating type (MATalpha) strains among the 84 isolates. All of the 8 var. gattii strains were serotype B and haploid. Among a total of 84 strains tested, neither serotype AD nor serotype D were found. Neither triploid nor tetraploid were found. These results suggest that the serological, sexual and ploidy characteristics in C. neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients in Sõo Paulo were rather simple, whereas strains isolated from non-AIDS patients presented serotype A and B with predominance of serotype A


Subject(s)
Humans , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Cryptococcosis , Cryptococcus neoformans , Genes, Fungal , Ploidies , Brazil , Cryptococcus neoformans , Genetic Variation , Serotyping
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(4): 1107-9, Dec. 2000.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-273852

ABSTRACT

Adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) caused by HTLV-I may be associated with severe immunosupression and several opportunistic infections. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is a common central nervous system opportunistic infection in severely immunosupressed patients, however spinal cord involvement by this parasite is rare. In this paper, we report a case of toxoplasmic myelitis in a patient with ATL


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/complications , Myelitis/parasitology , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis/parasitology , Myelitis/pathology , Toxoplasmosis/pathology
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 3(1): 23-7, Feb. 1999. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-243416

ABSTRACT

Infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is associated with neurological diseases, malignancies, and other less commun pathologies. In addition, infection by HTLV-I has been implicated in some degree of immunological impairment. Some previous reports detected an association between HTLV-I infection and an increased rate of antibodies against S. stercoralis, as well as a higher frequency of S. stercoralis carrier state. Here, we report a case of a chronic, recurrent S. stercoralis parasitism in a patient infected by HTLV-I. The patient demonstrated evidence of immunosupression characterized by skin allergy to commun antigens, oral candidiasis and severe, recurrent diarrhea caused by S. stercoralis. The infection requires maintenance of supressive therapy to control diarrhea and its consequences. We postulate that S. stercoralis may act as an opportunistic agent in patients infected by HTLV-I.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Antibodies, Helminth , Cambendazole/therapeutic use , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Diarrhea/parasitology , Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis , HTLV-I Infections/complications , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/etiology , Strongyloides stercoralis/immunology , Thiabendazole/therapeutic use , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Opportunistic Infections/complications
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